UNP · NYSE · CIK 100885
UNION PACIFIC CORP
Stage 1 · Must have
5/7
6 of 7 needed
Stage 2 · Refinement
60%
70% needed
Verdict
Financially weak
Rules v1.0.0
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Stage 1 · Must have
5 of 7 passed · at least 6 needed
Debt / Equity
Financial debt compared with shareholders' equity
Fail1.72Threshold < 1FY 2025< 1
Debt / equity: 1.72 in 2025, at or above the limit of 1. Borrowing outweighs shareholders' equity, so interest and repayments weigh more heavily when business slows down.
S1.1 · Source: 2025 annual report, SEC EDGAR · Original filing
Operating margin vs. industry
Operating profit as a share of revenue, compared with peers (no gross profit reported)
Pass40.2%Threshold >= 9.7% (median 8.7% + 1 pp)FY 2025>= 9.7% (median 8.7% + 1 pp)
Operating margin: 40.2% in 2025, against a median of 8.7% for Industrials (378 companies). The company does not report gross profit, so its operating margin is compared instead. It keeps more of each unit of revenue after running costs than most of its peers.
Compared with 378 companies in Industrials. Peer median 8.7%.
S1.2 · Source: 2025 annual report, SEC EDGAR · Original filing
Operating cash flow vs. net income
Cash from operations over reported profit, last 3 years
Pass133.3%Threshold > 100% (3-year sums)FY 2025> 100% (3-year sums)
Operating cash flow vs. net income: 133% over 2023-2025. The business brings in more cash than the profit it reports, a sign that its earnings are backed by real money.
S1.3 · 3 annual reports used · Source: 2025 annual report, SEC EDGAR · Original filing
Free cash flow vs. net income
Cash left after investment over reported profit, last 3 years
Close79.8%Threshold > 80% (3-year sums); 70-80% is closeFY 2025> 80% (3-year sums); 70-80% is close
Free cash flow vs. net income: 80% over 2023-2025, just under the 80% bar. Most of the profit becomes usable cash, but investment absorbs a noticeable part of it.
S1.4 · 3 annual reports used · Source: 2025 annual report, SEC EDGAR · Original filing
ROIC stable and rising
Return on invested capital over 5 years
Pass16.0%Threshold >= 15.0% (median 16.0% - 1 pp) and >= 14.7% (2020 + 0.5 pp)FY 2025>= 15.0% (median 16.0% - 1 pp) and >= 14.7% (2020 + 0.5 pp)
ROIC: 16.0% in 2025, against a median of 16.0% over 2020-2025 and 14.2% in 2020. Returns on the capital the company employs are holding up and have improved over the period, a sign of a durable business.
S1.5 · 6 annual reports used · Source: 2025 annual report, SEC EDGAR · Original filing
Return on equity vs. industry
Net income over shareholders' equity, compared with peers
Pass38.7%Threshold >= 12.5% (median 11.5% + 1 pp)FY 2025>= 12.5% (median 11.5% + 1 pp)
Return on equity: 38.7% in 2025, against a median of 11.5% for Industrials (378 companies). The company earns more on its shareholders' capital than most of its peers. High returns are worth reading together with debt, since borrowing can lift this ratio.
Compared with 378 companies in Industrials. Peer median 11.5%.
S1.6 · Source: 2025 annual report, SEC EDGAR · Original filing
Positive EBITDA
Operating profit before depreciation and amortization
Pass$12.3BThreshold > 0FY 2025> 0
EBITDA: USD 12.3 billion in 2025. The core business makes money before depreciation, interest and tax, so day-to-day operations pay for themselves.
S1.7 · Source: 2025 annual report, SEC EDGAR · Original filing
Company snapshot
Market dataMarket data widgets by TradingView. Market prices are not part of the EdgeScore model.
Stage 2 · Refinement
6 of 10 applicable passed · at least 70% needed
SG&A stable or falling
Overhead costs as a share of revenue, over 5 years
No datan/aThreshold <= 5-year median + 0.5 ppFY 2025<= 5-year median + 0.5 pp
The 2025 report does not show SG&A costs or revenue, so this check cannot be made. It is left out of the score.
S2.1 · Source: 2025 annual report, SEC EDGAR · Original filing
Interest coverage
Operating income over interest expense
Pass7.5xThreshold > 5FY 2025> 5
Interest coverage: 7.5x in 2025. Operating income covers interest costs comfortably, so debt payments are unlikely to strain the business.
S2.2 · Source: 2025 annual report, SEC EDGAR · Original filing
Net margin vs. industry
Net income as a share of revenue, compared with peers
Pass29.1%Threshold >= 6.3% (median 5.3% + 1 pp)FY 2025>= 6.3% (median 5.3% + 1 pp)
Net margin: 29.1% in 2025, against a median of 5.3% for Industrials (378 companies). After all costs, interest and tax, the company keeps more of its revenue as profit than most of its peers.
Compared with 378 companies in Industrials. Peer median 5.3%.
S2.3 · Source: 2025 annual report, SEC EDGAR · Original filing
ROA vs. industry
Net income over total assets, compared with peers
Pass10.2%Threshold >= 5.4% (median 4.4% + 1 pp)FY 2025>= 5.4% (median 4.4% + 1 pp)
Return on assets: 10.2% in 2025, against a median of 4.4% for Industrials (378 companies). The company produces more profit from the assets it holds than most of its peers, a sign that its resources are used efficiently.
Compared with 378 companies in Industrials. Peer median 4.4%.
S2.4 · Source: 2025 annual report, SEC EDGAR · Original filing
Current ratio
Current assets over current liabilities
Fail0.91Threshold > 1.5FY 2025> 1.5
Current ratio: 0.91 in 2025, at or below 1.5. The cushion of short-term assets over bills due within a year is thin, although some business models run this way on purpose.
S2.5 · Source: 2025 annual report, SEC EDGAR · Original filing
Total assets growing, 5 years
Average yearly growth of total assets
Pass2.2%Threshold average growth > 0%, at most 1 year with a drop over 3%FY 2025average growth > 0%, at most 1 year with a drop over 3%
Total assets grew 2.2% a year on average over 6 annual reports, with 0 years of decline beyond 3%. The company has been building its asset base steadily.
S2.6 · 6 annual reports used · Source: 2025 annual report, SEC EDGAR · Original filing
Free cash flow CAGR, 5 years
Average yearly growth of free cash flow
Fail-0.4%Threshold >= 5% a yearFY 2025>= 5% a year
Free cash flow changed -0.4% a year from 2020 to 2025, below the 5% bar. The cash left after investment is not growing much.
S2.7 · 6 annual reports used · Source: 2025 annual report, SEC EDGAR · Original filing
Quick ratio
Current assets excluding inventory over current liabilities
Fail0.91Threshold > 1FY 2025> 1
Quick ratio: 0.91 in 2025, at or below 1. Without its inventory, the company would not cover all the bills due within a year from short-term assets.
S2.8 · Source: 2025 annual report, SEC EDGAR · Original filing
Net debt / EBITDA
Years of operating profit needed to repay net debt
Pass2.5xThreshold < 3FY 2025< 3
Net debt / EBITDA: 2.5x in 2025. Debt net of cash could be repaid from less than three years of operating profit, a manageable load.
S2.9 · Source: 2025 annual report, SEC EDGAR · Original filing
Positive free cash flow
Operating cash flow minus capital expenditure
Pass$5.5BThreshold > 0FY 2025> 0
Free cash flow: USD 5.5 billion in 2025. The business generated more cash than it spent on investment, money it can use for debt, dividends or growth.
S2.10 · Source: 2025 annual report, SEC EDGAR · Original filing
Revenue CAGR, 5 years
Average yearly growth of revenue
Fail4.6%Threshold >= 7% a yearFY 2025>= 7% a year
Revenue changed 4.6% a year from 2020 to 2025, below the 7% bar. Sales are growing slowly or shrinking.
S2.11 · 6 annual reports used · Source: 2025 annual report, SEC EDGAR · Original filing
Indicator guide
- Debt / Equity
- Financial debt divided by shareholders' equity shows how much of the business is funded by lenders. Below 1 means owners fund more of the company than creditors do.
- Gross margin vs. industry
- Gross margin is the share of revenue left after the direct cost of products and services. Beating the industry median by at least one point suggests pricing power or a cost advantage.
- Operating margin vs. industry
- Used instead of gross margin when a company does not report gross profit. It is the share of revenue left after all operating costs, compared with the same peer group.
- Operating cash flow vs. net income
- Compares three years of operating cash flow with three years of reported profit. Above 100% means accounting profit is fully backed by cash coming in.
- Free cash flow vs. net income
- Free cash flow is operating cash flow minus capital spending, compared with profit over three years. Above 80% means most of the profit is cash the company can actually use.
- ROIC stable and rising
- Return on invested capital measures the profit earned on all money invested in the business, by owners and lenders. The latest value must hold near its five-year median and be higher than five years ago.
- Return on equity vs. industry
- Return on equity is net income divided by shareholders' equity. It is compared with the industry median because normal levels differ a lot between industries.
- Positive EBITDA
- EBITDA is operating profit before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. A positive value means the core business earns money before financing and accounting charges.
- SG&A stable or falling
- Selling, general and administrative costs as a share of revenue show how heavy the overhead is. Staying at or below the five-year median means costs are under control.
- Interest coverage
- Operating income divided by interest expense shows how easily the company pays its lenders. Above 5 leaves a wide safety margin if profits fall.
- Net margin vs. industry
- Net margin is the share of revenue that ends up as net profit. It is compared with the industry median to account for different business models.
- ROA vs. industry
- Return on assets is net income divided by total assets. It shows how efficiently the company turns everything it owns into profit, compared with its peers.
- Current ratio
- Current assets divided by current liabilities measures the ability to pay bills due within a year. Above 1.5 indicates a comfortable short-term buffer.
- Total assets growing, 5 years
- Checks that total assets grew on average over five years, with at most one sharp annual decline. The allowed decline depends on the sector, and the check is skipped for software companies.
- Free cash flow CAGR, 5 years
- The average yearly growth rate of free cash flow over five years. At least 5% a year shows the cash a business produces is growing.
- Quick ratio
- Like the current ratio, but without inventory, which can be slow to turn into cash. Above 1 means short-term debts are covered by the most liquid assets.
- Net debt / EBITDA
- Financial debt minus cash, divided by EBITDA, estimates how many years of operating earnings would repay the debt. Below 3 is generally considered manageable.
- Positive free cash flow
- Free cash flow in the latest year must be above zero. It means operations fund investment without new debt or new shares.
- Revenue CAGR, 5 years
- The average yearly growth rate of revenue over five years. At least 7% a year points to a business that keeps expanding.
Data source: SEC EDGAR, company annual reports. Original 10-K (FY 2025). Last updated Oct 28, 2026. Latest fiscal year ends Dec 31, 2025.
How the score works: EdgeScore methodology. Rules version 1.0.0.
For information and education only. Not investment advice. Data may contain errors.